Bakshi Lab

All industrial (and human) activities are sustained due to the availability of goods and services from nature. For example, as shown in the figure, vegetation cleans air pollution while wetlands remove water pollutants.  In addition these ecosystems provide many benefits to industry and society such as pure water, oxygen, biomass, and recreation. However, most disciplines, including engineering have ignored this critical role of nature.  Designs based on such ignorance invariably exceed nature’s carrying capacity, making them inherently unsustainable.

Our framework of techno-ecological synergy (TES) encourages harmony between human and natural systems: ecosystems provide goods and services, while human systems protect and restore nature.  This framework provides methods for life cycle assessment, science-based metrics for absolute environmental sustainability, novel designs of manufacturing processes, industrial landscapes, and process operation.  These designs are often economically and environmentally superior to designs provided by traditional techno-centric methods.

With increasing realization of the need to urgently address the challenges of climate change, corporations, nations, and universities are pledging to reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions within a few decades. Similar targets are also being set for eliminating plastics pollution. Achieving such goals in an economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable manner poses a formidable challenge and may require nothing less than reinventing industrial practice, government policies, and social norms. Due to accelerating research and innovation, a large number of alternatives are becoming available. These include technological solutions such as adoption of renewable energy, methods for chemical and mechanical recycling to enable a circular economy, and approaches for carbon capture, utilization and storage. In addition, innovations are also possible in corporate strategy, government policy, etc.

We are developing systematic methods and models to guide industry to meet their net-zero emission goals by a sustainable circular economy. This involves the development of models of the entire chemicals industry at global, regional, and corporate scales, and current and emerging innovations that may contribute to meeting net-zero emission goals. We are developing computational approaches to address the steps shown in the figure to determine potential solutions and a roadmap to achieve the goal in the specified time period. In addition to the global chemical industry, we are also focusing on specific plastics such as polyethylene terepthalate and polystyrene to guide their transformation to a net-zero emissions future.

Sustainable Engineering needs to ensure that engineering activities and its products have a net-positive impact on society. This means that the benefits of engineering should be felt equitably across society, and situtations where one group reaps the benefits while another one has to suffer the harm should be avoided.

We are using methods to quantify societal impact of engineering activities and devising approaches for ensuring that the benefits exceed any harm. Our recent work shows that by including ecosystems in engineering, it is possible to design and operate chemical processes in a manner that benefits nature and society with only a small additional cost to industry. Results from the application of our approach to a chlor-alkali process are shown in the figure. Point A is the lowest cost solution with conventional technologies. It is a people-negative solution due to the large negative societal health impact. In contrast, Point E costs a little more to the company but has net-zero societal health impact. Since this solution relies on vegetation and technology for improving air quality, it is both, nature- and people-positive. In other work related to the people-positive goal, we are developing methods to quantify when an activity is respecting nature’s limits while meeting societal needs in a just manner.

Our research is funded by various federal agencies and organizations including,

• National Science Foundation
• Department of Energy
• Department of Agriculture
• Global Kaiteki Center at Arizona State University
• Ford Motor Company
• Coca-Cola
• Holcim

• Circular Arizona Scholarship 2025 to Jaafar Ballout
• Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design Award for Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation runner-up 2024 to Vyom Thakker
• Hanwha Travel Award to Sunghoon Kim at AIChE Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, 2023
• Michael Charles wins best student paper award from AIChE Sustainable Engineering Forum, 2023
• Gordon Research Conference on Industrial Ecology, Newry, ME, travel award to Ms. Amrita Sen, 2022
• Ray travel award, Ohio State University to Vyom Thakker for travel to the 14th Process Systems Engineering Conference, Kyoto, Japan, June 19-23, 2022
• Best poster award, second place to Michael Charles from the American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES) National Conference, 2020
• Best paper award from the Sustainable Engineering Forum of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2020, to Kyuha Lee and Tapajyoti Ghosh
• Foundations of Computer Aided Process Design, Copper Mountain, CO travel award to Mr. Tapajyoti Ghosh, 2019
• International Society for Industrial Ecology, Beijing, China, travel award to Mr. Kyuha Lee, 2019
• Leo Award for best student paper at 26th CIRP conference on Life Cycle Engineering, West Lafayette, IN, May 7-9, 2019 to Xinyu Liu and Michael Charles
• International Society for Industrial Ecology, Beijing, China, travel award to Mr. Michael Charles, 2019
• 13th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering, San Diego, CA travel award to Mr. Tapajyoti Ghosh, 2018
• National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to Michael Charles, 2017
• W. David Smith Jr. best student paper award from the Computing and Systems Technology Division of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2016, to Rebecca Hanes

* Co-advised PhD students at Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai and TERI University, New Delhi, India

Books

1. B. R. Bakshi (editor), Engineering and Ecosystems: Seeking Synergies Toward a Nature-Positive World. Springer, 2023.
2. B. R. Bakshi, Sustainable Engineering: Principles and Practice, Cambridge University Press, 2019
3. B. R. Bakshi, T. G. Gutowski, and D. P. Sekulic (editors), Thermodynamics and the Destruction of Resources, Cambridge University Press, 2011

Book Chapters

1. F. Nazemi, B. Bakshi, J. Castro, R. Mulyana, R. Hanes, S. Mukkamala, K. Dooley, G. Basile, G. Stephanopoulos, A. Nahas, et al. “Analysis and Design for Sustainable Circularity of Barrier Films Used in Sheet Molding Composites Production”. Technology Innovation for the Circular Economy: Recycling, Remanufacturing, Design, System Analysis and Logistics (2024), p. 365.
2. K. Dooley, V. Thakker, B. Bakshi, M. Scholz, F. Hafsa, G. Basile, and R. Buch. “A Multidisciplinary Assessment of Innovations to Improve Grocery Bag Circularity”. 14th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering. Ed. by Y. Yamashita and M. Kano. Vol. 49. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2022, pp. 625–630.
3. J. Fiksel and B. R. Bakshi. “Designing for Resilience and Sustainability: An Integrated Systems Approach”. Engineering and Ecosystems: Seeking Synergies Toward a Nature-Positive World. Ed. by B. R. Bakshi. Springer, 2022.
4. A. Sen, G. Stephanopoulos, and B. R. Bakshi. “Mapping Anthropogenic Carbon Mobilization through Chemical Process and Manufacturing Industries”. 14th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering. Ed. by Y. Yamashita and M. Kano. Vol. 49. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2022, pp. 553–558.
5. G. Stephanopoulos, B. R. Bakshi, and G. Basile. “Reinventing the Chemicals/Materials Company: Transitioning to a Sustainable Circular Enterprise”. 14th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering. Ed. by Y. Yamashita and M. Kano. Vol. 49. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2022, pp. 67–72.
6. V. Thakker and B. R. Bakshi. “Guiding innovations and Value-chain improvements using Life-cycle design for Sustainable Circular Economy”. 14th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering. Ed. by Y. Yamashita and M. Kano. Vol. 49. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2022, pp. 1945–1950.
7. K. Lee and B. R. Bakshi. “Energy-Water-CO2 Nexus of Fossil Fuel Based Power Generation”. Advances in Carbon Management Technologies. Ed. by S. Sikdar and F. Princiotta. CRC Press, Mar. 2020, pp. 184–202.
8. T. Ghosh, K. Lee, and B. R. Bakshi. “Integrating market models and price effects in a multiscale sustainable process design framework”. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering. 47. Copper Mountain, CO, 2019, pp. 175–180.
9. U. D. Shah and B. R. Bakshi. “Design and Operation of Technoecological Synergy: A NO2 Case Study”. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering. 47. 2019, pp. 193–198.
10. B. R. Bakshi. “Including Nature in Engineering for Innovation and Sustainability: Promise, Progress and Peril”. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering. Ed. by M. R. Eden, M. G. Ierapetritou, and G. P. Towler. Vol. 44. Elsevier, Jan. 2018, pp. 53–62.
11. T. Ghosh, X. Liu, and B. R. Bakshi. “Including Ecosystem Services in Sustainable Process Design across Multiple Spatial Scales”. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering. Ed. by M. R. Eden, M. G. Ierapetritou, and G. P. Towler. Vol. 44. Elsevier, Jan. 2018, pp. 1837–1842.
12. X. Liu and B. R. Bakshi. “Extracting Heuristics for Designing Sustainable Built Environments by Coupling Multiobjective Evolutionary Optimization and Machine Learning”. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering. Ed. by M. R. Eden, M. G. Ierapetritou, and G. P. Towler. Vol. 44. Elsevier, Jan. 2018, pp. 2539–2544.
13. V. Gopalakrishnan and B. R. Bakshi. “Including Nature in Engineering Decisions for Sustainability”. Encyclopedia of Sustainable Technologies. Ed. by Martin Abraham. 1st edition, Elsevier, 2017.
14. B. Kursun and B. R. Bakshi. “Sustainability Assessment in a Geographical Region and of the Activities Performed, Handbook of Research on Green Economic Development Initiatives and Strategies.” Ed. by M. Mustafa Erdogdu, Thankom Arun, and Imran Habib Ahmad. IGI Global, 2016. Chap. 2, pp. 18–43.
15. R. J. Hanes and B. R. Bakshi. “Comprehensive life cycle accounting in sustainable process design”. Sustainability of Products, Processes and Supply Chains: Theory and Applications. Ed. by Fengqi You. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2015.
16. S. Singh and B. R. Bakshi. “Carbon and Nitrogen Footprints of Chemical and Manufacturing Industry Sectors”. Sustainability in the Analysis, Synthesis and Design of Chemical Engineering Processes. Ed. by G. R. Mercado and H. Cabezas. Elsevier, 2015.
17. S. Singh and B. R. Bakshi. “Carbon and Nitrogen Footprints of Engineering Activities”. Assessing and Measuring Environmental Impacts in Engineering. Ed. by Jiri J. Klemes. Elsevier, 2014.
18. B. R. Bakshi and G. F. Grubb. “Implications of Thermodynamics for Sustainability”. Sustainability: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Ed. by H. Cabezas and U. Diwekar. CRC Press, 2012.
19. V. Khanna, L. A. Merugula, and B. R. Bakshi. “Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Polymer Nanocomposites”. Advances in Polymer Nanocomposites. Ed. by F. Gao. Woodhead Publishing, 2012.
20. E. Landers, R. A. Urban, and B. R. Bakshi. “Accounting for Ecosystem Services in Life Cycle Assessment and Design”. Life Cycle Assessment: A Guide for Environmentally Sustainable Products. Ed. by Mary Ann Curran. Scrivener Publishing, 2012.
21. B. R. Bakshi, A. Baral, and J. L. Hau. “Thermodynamic Methods for Resource Accounting”. Thermodynamics and the Destruction of Resources. Ed. by B. R. Bakshi, T. G. Gutowski, and D. P. Sekulic. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
22. B. R. Bakshi, P. K. Goel, and H. J. Kim. “Improving the Quality of Life Cycle Inventory Data by Reconciliation with the Laws of Thermodynamics”. Thermodynamics and the Destruction of Resources. Ed. by B. R. Bakshi, T. G. Gutowski, and D. P. Sekulic. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
23. N. U. Ukidwe and B. R. Bakshi. “Exergy and Materials Flow in Industrial and Ecological Systems”. Thermodynamics and the Destruction of Resources. Ed. by B. R. Bakshi, T. G. Gutowski, and D. P. Sekulic. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
24. A. Baral and B. R. Bakshi. “Comprehensive Study of Cellulosic Ethanol Using Hybrid Eco-LCA”. Biofuel and Bioenergy from Biowastes and Residues. Ed. by S. Khanal. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Reston, Virginia, 2009.
25. H. Chen, B. Li, B. R. Bakshi, and P. K. Goel. “Nonlinear Modeling: Linear Approaches for Nonlinear Modeling”. Comprehensive Chemometrics. Ed. by S. Brown, B.Walczak, and R. Tauler. Elsevier, 2009.
26. B. Li, P. K. Goel, and B. R. Bakshi. “Nonlinear Regression: Other Methods”. Comprehensive Chemometrics. Ed. by S. Brown, B.Walczak, and R. Tauler. Elsevier, 2009.
27. M. Seabra, B. R. Bakshi, and P. M. Saraiva. “Denoising and Signal to Noise (SNR) enhancement: Wavelet Transform and Fourier Transform”. Comprehensive Chemometrics. Ed. by S. Brown, B.Walczak, and R. Tauler. Elsevier, 2009.
28. N. U. Ukidwe, J. L. Hau, and B. R. Bakshi. “Thermodynamic Input-Output Analysis of Economic and Ecological Systems”. Handbook of Input-Output Economics in Industrial Ecology. Ed. by S. Suh. Springer, 2009.
29. V. Khanna, Y. Zhang, G. F. Grubb, B. R. Bakshi, and L. J. Lee. “Life Cycle Assessment of Carbon Nanofibres”. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: Environmental and Health Impact. Ed. by V. H. Grassian. John Wiley, 2008.
30. B. R. Bakshi. “Energy”. Encyclopedia of Environment and Society. Ed. by P. Robbins. Sage Publications, 2007.
31. B. R. Bakshi. “Life Cycle Analysis”. Encyclopedia of Environment and Society. Ed. by P. Robbins. Sage Publications, 2007.
32. B. R. Bakshi. “Thermodynamics”. Encyclopedia of Environment and Society. Ed. by P. Robbins. Sage Publications, 2007.
33. V. Norberg-Bohm, W. C. Clark, B. Bakshi, A. Berkenkamp, S. A. Bishko, M. D. Koehler, J. A. Marrs, C. P. Nielsen, and A. Sagar. “International comparisons of environmental hazards”. Global Environmental Risk. Ed. by J. X. Kasperson and R. E. Kasperson. Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 2001, pp. 55–147.
34. S. Ungarala and B. R. Bakshi. “Multiscale Estimation of Linear Dynamic Systems with and without Accurate Models”. Wavelets in Signal and Image Analysis. Ed. by A. Petrosian and F. Meyer. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
35. B. R. Bakshi. “Multiscale Modeling and Model-Based Denoising”. Wavelets in Chemistry. Ed. by B. Walczak. Elsevier, 2000.
36. [20] M. N. Nounou and B. R. Bakshi. “Multiscale Methods for Denoising and Compression”. Wavelets in Chemistry. Ed. by B. Walczak. Elsevier, 2000.
37. J. F. Davis, M. J. Piovoso, K. A. Hoo, and B. R. Bakshi. “Process Data Analysis and Data Interpretation”. Advances in Chemical Engineering. Ed. by J. A. Wei. Vol. 25. Academic Press, 1999, pp. 1–103.
38. B. R. Bakshi and G. Stephanopoulos. “Reasoning in Time; Modeling, Analysis and Pattern Recognition of Temporal Process Trends”. Paradigms of Intelligent Systems in Process Engineering. Ed. by George Stephanopoulos and Chonghun Han. Academic Press, 1995.
39. C. Han, R. Lakshmanan, B. R. Bakshi, and G. Stephanopoulos. “Non-Monotonic Reasoning: The Synthesis of Operating Procedures in Chemical Plants”. Paradigms of Intelligent Systems in Process Engineering. Ed. by George Stephanopoulos and Chonghun Han. Academic Press, 1995.
40. A. Koulouris, B. R. Bakshi, and G. Stephanopoulos. “Empirical Learning Through Neural Networks: The Wave-Net Solution”. Paradigms of Intelligent Systems in Process Engineering. Ed. by George Stephanopoulos and Chonghun Han. Academic Press, 1995.
41. U. Utojo and B. R. Bakshi. “Connections Between Artificial Neural Networks and Multiariate Statistical Methods – An Overview”. Neural Networks in Bioprocessing and Chemical Engineering. Ed. by D. R. Baughman and Y. A. Liu. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1995.
42. B. R. Bakshi, A Koulouris, and G. Stephanopoulos. “Learning at Multiple Resolutions: Wavelets as Basis Functions in Artificial Neural Networks and Inductive Decision Trees”. Wavelet Applications in Chemical Engineering. Ed. by R. Motard and B. Joseph. Kluwer Inc., Boston, 1994.

1. S. Ma, C. Zou, B. R. Bakshi, and L.-C. Lin. “Water-Network-Triggered Breakdown: Multiscale Theoretical Insights into PET Hydrolysis under Working Conditions”. Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2026). accepted.
2. M. Charles and B. R. Bakshi. “Where to Plant Trees? Designing Net-Zero Industrial Landscapes that Promote Public Health”. Environmental Science and Technology (Apr. 2026).
3. A. Kumar, S. Kim, and B. R. Bakshi. “Role of artificial intelligence in the chemical industry transition to a sustainable, circular, and net-zero future”. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering 51 (Mar. 2026), p. 101234.
4. X. Zhen, C. Xia, C. Chen, and B. R. Bakshi. “Including Nature in the Unit Commitment Problem Benefits Electricity, Ecosystems, and Society”. Computers and Chemical Engineering (Feb. 2026), p. 109609.
5. R. Li, F. Nazemi, Y. Shu, D. Qi, B. Bakshi, B. E. Roe. “Assessing Environmental Gains from Sustainability Interventions in a Competitive Market Setting: A Foodservice Case Study“. Environmental Development, (Jan. 2026), 101385.
6. A. Kumar, F. Nazemi, H. Kodamana, M. Ramteke, and B. Bakshi. “A Large Language Model-based Framework to Retrieve Life Cycle Inventory and Environmental Impact Data from Scientific Literature”. Environmental Science & Technology 59.42 (Oct. 2025), pp. 22533-22543.
7. S. Kim and B. R. Bakshi. “Discovering Net-Zero Chemical Processes and Pathways by Developing Circular Reaction Networks and Their Hierarchical Screening”. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 64.22 (May 2025), pp. 10928–10949.
8. A. Kumar, H. C. Jami, B. R. Bakshi, M. Ramteke, and H. Kodamana. “An evolutionary study on technologies for polyethylene terephthalate waste recycling using natural language processing”. Computers & Chemical Engineering (Jan. 2025), p. 109011.
9. D. Lopes Silva, D. Silva, A. Farrapo Junior, Y. Xue, and B. Bakshi. “Absolute environmental sustainability of solid biofuels: An investigation by different environmental-ecological performance indicators”. Sustainable Production and Consumption (Mar. 2025)
10. S. M. Ma, P. Pereira, C. W. Pester, P. E. Savage, B. R. Bakshi, and L.-C. Lin. “Understanding PET Hydrolysis via Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experimental Investigation”. J. Phys. Chem. B 129.26 (July 2025), pp. 6594–6603.
11. A. Mali, X. Zhen, and B. R. Bakshi. “Bridging net-zero, nature-positive, and people-positive goals: A case study in the polyester industry”. Computers & Chemical Engineering (July 2025), p. 109276.
12. F. Nazemi, R. Hanes, R. Mulyana, J. Castro, S. Mukkamala, T. Hyche, and B. R. Bakshi. “Toward a sustainable circular economy of multilayer plastic films: Life cycle and techno-economic assessment with a focus on end-of-life treatment and multiple recovery cycles”. Sustainable Materials and Technologies (July 2025), e01526.
13. R. Rathore, B. R. Bakshi, H. Kodamana, and M. Ramteke. “Multi-Objective Optimization of Crop Land Allocation for Sustainability within the Food-Energy-Water-Land-Fertilizer (FEWLF) Nexus”. Computers & Chemical Engineering (May 2025), p. 109207.
14. S. Sharma, K. Anirudh, B. R. Bakshi, S. Sandeep, H. Kodamana, and M. Ramteke. “Multi-objective optimization for sustainable agricultural strategies considering future climatic scenarios: A study in the context of India”. Computers & Chemical Engineering (July 2025), p. 109306.
15. A. Agrawal, B. R. Bakshi, H. Kodamana, and M. Ramteke. “Multi-objective Optimization of Food-Energy-Water Nexus via Crops Land Allocation”. Computers & Chemical Engineering (Jan. 2024), p. 108610.
16. A. Haq, B. R. Bakshi, H. Kodamana, and M. Ramteke. “Assessing the effectiveness of improving urban air quality with solutions based on technology, nature and policy”. Sustainable Cities and Society 110 (Sept. 2024), p. 105549.
17. H. C. Jami, P. R. Singh, A. Kumar, B. R. Bakshi, M. Ramteke, and H. Kodamana. “CCU-Llama: A Knowledge Extraction LLM for Carbon Capture and Utilization by Mining Scientific Literature Data”. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. (Oct. 2024).
18. S. Ma, C. Zou, B. Bakshi, and L.-C. Lin. “Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Zeolite-Assisted Pyrolysis of Polystyrene: Material Selection and Mechanistic Insights”. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 63.50 (Dec. 2024), pp. 21907–21917.
19. F. Nazemi, B. D. Fath, and B. R. Bakshi. “Ecologically inspired metrics for transitioning to a sustainable and resilient circular economy with application to multilayer plastic films”. Sustainable Production and Consumption 49 (July 2024), pp. 606–624.
20. F. Nazemi, B. Bakshi, J. Castro, R. Mulyana, R. Hanes, S. Mukkamala, K. Dooley, G. Basile, G. Stephanopoulos, A. Nahas, et al. “Analysis and Design for Sustainable Circularity of Barrier Films Used in Sheet Molding Composites Production”. Technology Innovation for the Circular Economy: Recycling, Remanufacturing, Design, System Analysis and Logistics (2024), p. 365.
21. U. Shah, J. A. Paulson, and B. R. Bakshi. “Real-time Synergies Between Homeostatic Technological and Homeorhetic Ecological Systems by Multi-scale MPC and Bayesian Optimization”. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 63.49 (Dec. 2024), pp. 21389–21403.
22. R. Sharma, B. R. Bakshi, M. Ramteke, and H. Kodamana. “Quantifying Ecosystem Services from Trees by Using i-Tree with Low-Resolution Satellite Images”. Ecosystem Services 67 (June 2024), p. 101611.
23. R. Sharma, A. Haq, B. R. Bakshi, M. Ramteke, and H. Kodamana. “Designing synergies between hybrid renewable energy systems and ecosystems developed by different afforestation approaches”. Journal of Cleaner Production 434 (Jan. 2024), p. 139804.
24. V. Thakker and B. R. Bakshi. “Mapping the path to a net-zero chemicals industry by long-term planning with changes in technologies and climate”. AIChE Journal 70.5 (May 2024). Cover Article, e18381.
25. Y. Xue and B. R. Bakshi. “Ecosystem Science-based Absolute Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Chemical Products with and without Climate Justice”. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 12.36 (Aug. 2024), pp. 13452–13463.
26. K. Lee, S. Chun, J. M. Bielicki, and B. R. Bakshi. “Spatially-Explicit Absolute Life Cycle Assessment by Multi-Regional Hybrid Modeling Computational Framework”. Journal of Cleaner Production 430 (Dec. 2023), p. 139789.
27. Y. M. Aleissa and B. R. Bakshi. “Simulation Tools for Net-Positive Process Design: Trees as Unit Operations for Carbon Sequestration and Air Quality Regulation”. Comp. Chem. Eng. (Oct. 2023), p. 108455.
28. A. Haq, R. Sharma, B. R. Bakshi, H. Kodamana, and M. Ramteke. “Forecasting sustainable power generation profiles to achieve net-zero emissions using multi-objective techno-ecological framework: A study in the context of India”. Computers and Chemical Engineering (Oct. 2023), p. 108439.
29. A. Kumar, B. Bakshi, M. Ramteke, and H. Kodamana. “Recycle-BERT: Extracting Knowledge about Plastic Waste Recycling by Natural Language Processing”. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 11.32 (Aug. 2023), pp. 12123–12134.
30. S. Ma, C. Zou, T.-Y. Chen, J. Paulson, L.-C. Lin, and B. Bakshi. “Understanding Rapid PET Degradation via Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Kinetic Modeling”. Journal of Physical Chemistry, Part A 127.35 (Aug. 2023), pp. 7323–7334.
31. Y. M. Aleissa and B. R. Bakshi. “Possible but Rare: Safe and Just Satisfaction of National Human Needs in Terms of Ecosystem Services”. One Earth 6.4 (Apr. 2023), pp. 409–418.
32. A. Sen and B. R. Bakshi. “Techno-Economic and Life Cycle Analysis of Circular Phosphorus Systems in Agriculture”. Science of the Total Environment (Feb. 2023), p. 162016.
33. V. Thakker and B. R. Bakshi. “Ranking Eco-innovations to Enable a Sustainable Circular Economy with Net-Zero Emissions”. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 11.4 (Jan. 2023), pp. 1363–1374.
34. M. Varga, B. Csukas, S. Khanal, and B. R. Bakshi. “Lessons from the biosphere for the anthroposphere: Analysis of recycling structures of conservational measures”. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 192 (May 2023), p. 106919.
35. B. R. Bakshi, M. Realff, Y. Arkun, and M. Morari. “Computers and Chemical Engineering Virtual Special Issue in honor of Professor George Stephanopoulos”. Computers & Chemical Engineering (2022), p. 107986.
36. S. Kim, A. Beier, H. B. Schreyer, and B. R. Bakshi. “Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of a novel cultivated meat burger patty in the United States”. Sustainability 14.23 (Dec. 2022), p. 16133.
37. A. Agrawal, B. R. Bakshi, H. Kodamana, M. Ramteke, Renewables-Integrated Energy Systems Can Provide Electricity at Lower Cost with Less Environmental and Social Damage, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 10.40 (2022), pp. 13390–13401
38. Y. Xue, B. R. Bakshi, Metrics for a Nature-Positive World: A multiscale approach for absolute environmental sustainability assessment, Science of the Total Environment, 846 (Nov. 2022), p. 157373.
39. M. Charles, V. Vattyam, B. R. Bakshi, Designing Climate Action and Regulations for sustainaBility (DCARB): Framework and Campus Application, J. Cleaner Production, Apr, 131690, 2022
40. V. Thakker and B. R. Bakshi. Multi-scale Sustainable Engineering: Integrated Design of Reaction Networks, Life Cycles, and Economic Sectors, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 156, 107578, 2022
41. U. Shah and B. R. Bakshi. Improving Air Quality by Adapting Manufacturing to Pollution Uptake by Vegetation, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 9, 49, 16709-16718, 2021
42. V. Thakker and B. R. Bakshi. Designing Value-chains of Plastic and Paper Carrier Bags for a Sustainable and Circular Economy, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 9, 49, 16687-16698, 2021
43. K. Lee, S. Khanal and B. R. Bakshi. Techno-Ecologically Synergistic Food-Energy-Water Systems Meet Human and Ecosystem Needs, Energy and Environmental Science, 14, 7, 3700–3716, 2021
44. M. Charles and B. R. Bakshi. Designing Industrial Landscapes for Mitigating Air Pollution with Spatially-Explicit Techno-Ecological Synergy, AIChE Journal, 67, 10, 2021
45. Y. M. Aleissa and B. R. Bakshi, Constructed Wetlands as Unit Operations in Chemical Process Design: Benefits and Simulation, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 153, 107454, 2021
46. K. D. Boutin, W. J. Mitsch, E. Everham, B. R. Bakshi, and L. Zhang. An evaluation of corn production within a WetlacultureTM system at Buckeye Lake, Ohio, Ecological Engineering, 171, 106366, 2021
47. J. Hu, X. Gu, L.-C. Lin, and B. R. Bakshi, Toward Sustainable Metal-Organic Frameworks for Post-Combustion Carbon Capture by Life Cycle Assessment and Molecular Simulation, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 9, 36, 12132–12141, 2021
48. T. Yazbeck, G. Bohrer, C. Vines, F. De Roo, M. Mauder, and B. Bakshi, Effects of spatial heterogeneity of leaf density and crown spacing of canopy patches on dry deposition rates, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 306, 108440, 2021
49. C. S. Adjiman, N. V. Sahinidis, D. G. Vlachos, B. Bakshi, C. T. Maravelias, and C. Georgakis, Process Systems Engineering Perspective on the Design of Materials and Molecules, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 60, 14, 5194-5206, 2021
50. T. Ghosh, H.-C. Kim, R. DeKleine, T. J. Walington, B. R. Bakshi, Life Cycle Energy and Climate Change Implications of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Automotive Components: Front Subframe Case Study, Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 28, e00263, 2021
51. V. Thakker, B. R. Bakshi, Toward Sustainable Circular Economies: A Computational Framework for Assessment and Design, J. Cleaner Production, 295, 126353, 2021
52. B. R. ​Bakshi, D. Shonnard, D. T. Allen, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering Invites Contributions to a Virtual Special Issue on The Circular Economy of Plastics, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 9, 1425-1426, 2021
53. S. L. Shah, B. R. Bakshi, J. Liu, C. Georgakis, Meeting the Challenge of Water Sustainability: The Role of Process Systems Engineering, AIChE Journal, 67, 2, e17113, 2021
54. U. Diwekar, A. Amekudzi-Kennedy, B. Bakshi, R. Baumgartner, R. Boumans, P. Burger, H. Cabezas, M. Egler, J. Farley, B. Fath, T. Gleason, Y. Huang, A. Karunanithi, V. Khanna, A. Mangan, A. Mayer, R. Mukherjee, G. Mullally, V. Rico-Ramirez, D. Shonnard, M. Svanström, T. Theis, A perspective on the role of uncertainty in sustainability science and engineering, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 164, 105140, 2021
55. K. Lee, J. P. Evans, S. Satagopan, Y. Sun, J. R. Parquette, V. B. Sundaresan, F. R. Tabita, and B. R. Bakshi, Carbon Footprint of Biomimetic Carbon Fixation by Immobilizing Nature’s CO2-sequestering Enzyme and Regenerating its Energy Carrier, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 8, 45, 16833–16841, 2020
56. T. Ghosh and B. R. Bakshi, Designing Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment Models based on Uncertainty and Complexity, International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 25, 2290–2308, 2020
57. X. Liu, B. R. Bakshi, B. Rugani, D. M. De Souza, J. Bare, J. M. Johnston, A. Laurent F. Verones, Quantification and valuation of ecosystem services in life cycle assessment: Application of the cascade framework to rice farming systems, Science of the Total Environment, 747, 141278, 2020
58. S. Bogra and B. R. Bakshi. Direct and indirect vulnerability of economic sectors to water scarcity: A hot-spot analysis of the Indian economy, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 24, 1323-1337, 2020
59. X. Zhang, L. Zhang, K. Y. Fung, B. R. Bakshi, and K. M. Ng. Sustainable Product Design: A Life-Cycle Approach, Chemical Engineering Science, 217, 115508, 2020
60. M. Charles, G. Bohrer, G. Ziv, B. R. Bakshi, Connecting Air Quality Regulating Ecosystem Services with Beneficiaries through Quantitative Serviceshed Analysis, Ecosystem Services, 41, 101057, 2020
61. V. Gopalakrishnan, G. Ziv, S. Hirabayashi, B. R. Bakshi. Nature-Based Solutions Can Compete with Technology for Mitigating Air Emissions Across the United States. Environmental Science and Technology, 53, 22, 13228-13237, 2019
62. B. R. Bakshi, T. Ghosh, and K. Lee. Engineering, Markets, and Human Behavior: An Essential Integration for Decisions toward Sustainability, Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, 26, 164-169, 2019
63. X. Liu, M. Charles, and B. R. Bakshi. Including Ecosystem Services in Life Cycle Assessment: Methodology and Application to Urban Farms, Procedia CIRP 80, 287-291, 2019
64. B. Rugani, D. M. De Souza, J. Weidema B.and Bare, B. R. Bakshi, B. Grann, J. M. Johnston, A. L. Raymundo Pavan, X. Liu, A. Laurent, and F. Verones. Towards integrating the ecosystem services cascade framework within the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) cause-effect methodology, Science of the Total Environment 690, 1284–1298, 2019
65. K. Lee, T. Ghosh, and B. R. Bakshi. Toward Multiscale Consequential Sustainable Process Design: Including the Effects of Economy and Resource Constraints with Application to Green Urea Production in a Watershed, Chemical Engineering Science, 207, 725–743, 2019
66. T. Ghosh, B. R. Bakshi, Designing Biofuel Supply Chains while Mitigating Harmful Algal Blooms with Treatment Wetlands, Comp. Chem. Eng., 126, 113-127, 2019
67. S. B. Jadhao, A. B. Pandit, B. R. Bakshi, Resource Utilization and Destruction in Indian Industrial Sectors: An Exergy Analysis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 58, 26, 11566-11575, 2019
68. U. Shah, B. R. Bakshi, Accounting for Nature’s Intermittency and Growth while Mitigating NO2 Emissions by Techno-Ecological Synergistic Design – Application to a Chloralkali Process, J. Adv. Manuf. and Proc., 1, 1-2, 2019
69. B. R. Bakshi. Toward Sustainable Chemical Engineering: The Role of Process Systems Engineering, Annual Reviews of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 10, 1-26, 2019
70. V. Gopalakrishnan, G. Ziv, B. R. Bakshi, Role of Vegetation in Mitigating Air Emissions Across Industrial Sites in the US, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 7, 4, 3783–3791, 2019
71. Bakshi, B., Book Review of Energy, Complexity and Wealth Maximization by Robert Ayres, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 23, 2, 510-511, 2019
72. X. Liu and B. R. Bakshi, Ecosystem Services in Life Cycle Assessment while Encouraging Techno-Ecological Synergies, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 23, 2, 347-360, 2019
73. X. Liu, G. Ziv, B. R. Bakshi, Ecosystem Services in Life Cycle Assessment, Part 2: Adaptations to regional and serviceshed information, J. Cleaner Production, 197, 772-780, 2018
74. X. Liu, G. Ziv, B. R. Bakshi, Ecosystem Services in Life Cycle Assessment, Part 1: A computational framework, J. Cleaner Production, 197, 314-322, 2018
75. R. J. Hanes, V. Gopalakrishnan, B. R. Bakshi, Including nature in the food-energy-water nexus can improve sustainability across multiple ecosystem services, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 137, 214-228, 2018
76. V. Gopalakrishnan, S. Hirabayashi, G. Ziv, and B. R. Bakshi, Air Quality and Human Health Impacts of Grasslands and Shrublands in the United States, Atmospheric Environment, 182, 193–199, 2018
77. B. R. Bakshi, T. G. Gutowski, D. P. Sekulic, Claiming Sustainability: Requirements and Challenges, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 6, 3, 3632–3639, 2018
78. F. Saladini, V. Gopalakrishnan, S. Bastianoni, B. R. Bakshi, Synergies Between Industry and Nature – An Emergy Evaluation of a Biodiesel Production System Integrated with Ecological Systems, Ecosystem Services, 30B, 257-266, 2018
79. X.Liu, S. Singh, E. L. Gibbemeyer, B. E. Tam, R. A. Urban, B. R. Bakshi, The Carbon-Nitrogen Nexus of Transportation Fuels, Journal of Cleaner Production, 180, 790-803, 2018
80. V. Gopalakrishnan, and B. R. Bakshi, Ecosystems as Unit Operations for Local Techno-Ecological Synergy: Integrated Process Design with Treatment Wetlands, AIChE Journal, accepted, 2018
81. T. Ghosh and B. R. Bakshi, Process to Planet approach to Sustainable Process Design: Multiple Objectives and Byproducts, Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering, 51, 6, 936-948, 2017
82. S. B. Jadhao, A. B. Pandit, B. R. Bakshi, The Evolving Metabolism of a Developing Economy: India’s Exergy Flows over Four Decades, Applied Energy, 206, 851-857, 2017
83. V. Gopalakrishnan, and B. R. Bakshi, Biosolids Management with Net-Zero CO2 Emissions: A Techno-Ecological Synergy Design, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 19, 8, 2099–2111, 2017
84. R. J. Hanes, V. Gopalakrishnan, and B. R. Bakshi. Synergies and trade-offs in renewable energy landscapes: Balancing energy production with economics and ecosystem services. Applied Energy, 199, 25-44, 2017
85. S. B Jadhao, S. G. Shingade, A. B. Pandit, B. R. Bakshi, Bury, Burn or Gasify: Assessing Municipal Solid Waste Management Options in Indian Megacities by Exergy Analysis, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, accepted, 2017
86. A. Ramaswami, D. Boyer, A. Nagpure, A. Fang, S. Bogra, B. Bakshi, E. Cohen. and A. Rao-Ghorpade, An urban systems framework to assess the trans-boundary food-energy-water nexus: implementation in Delhi, India, Environmental Research Letters, 12, 025008, 2017
87. J.-K. Choi, B. R. Bakshi, K. Hubacek, and J. Nader, A Sequential Input-Output Framework to Analyze the Economic and Environmental Implications of Energy Policies: Gas Taxes and Fuel Subsidies, Applied Energy, 184, 15, 830–839, 2016
88. Mandade, P., B. R. Bakshi, G. D. Yadav, Ethanol from Indian Agro-Industrial Lignocellulosic Biomass – An Emergy Evaluation, Clean Technol. Env. Policy, 18, 2625–2634, 2016
89. V. Gopalakrishnan, B. R. Bakshi, and G. Ziv. “Assessing the Capacity of Local Ecosystems to Meet Industrial Demand for Ecosystem Services.” AIChE Journal, 62, 9, 3319-3333 (2016).
90. Bogra, S., B. R. Bakshi, R. Mathur, A Water Withdrawal Input-Output Model of the Indian Economy, Environmental Science and Technology, 50, 3, 1313–1321, 2016
91. Chopra, S., B. R. Bakshi, V. Khanna, Economic Dependence of U.S. Industrial Sectors on Animal-mediated Pollination Service, Environmental Science and Technology, 49, 24, 14441–14451, 2015
92. Mandade, P., B. R. Bakshi, G. D. Yadav, Ethanol from Indian Agro-Industrial Lignocellulosic Biomass – A Life Cycle Evaluation of Energy, Greenhouse Gases, Land and Water, Int. J. LCA, 20, 12, 1649-1658, 2015
93. Hanes, R. J., B. R. Bakshi, Process to Planet: A Multiscale Modeling Framework Toward Sustainable Engineering, AIChE Journal, accepted, 2015
94. Hanes, R. J., B. R. Bakshi, Sustainable Process Design Using the Process to Planet Framework, AIChE Journal, accepted, 2015
95. Hanes, R., N. B. Cruze, P. K. Goel, B. R. Bakshi, Allocation Games: Addressing the ill-posed nature of allocation in life cycle inventories, Environmental Science and Technology, 49, 13, 7996–8003, 2015
96. Kursun, B., B. R. Bakshi, M. Mahata, and J. F. Martin. Life Cycle and Emergy Based Design of Energy Systems in Developing Countries: Centralized and Localized Options, Ecological Modelling, accepted, 2015
97. Bakshi, B. R., G. Ziv, M. D. Lepech, Techno-Ecological Synergy: A Framework for Sustainable Engineering, Environmental Science and Technology, 49, 3, 1752-1760, 2015
98. Singh, S., B. R. Bakshi, Footprints of Carbon and Nitrogen: Revisiting the Paradigm and Exploring their Nexus for Decision Making, Ecological Indicators, accepted, 2015
99. Winden, M., N. Cruze, T. Haab, B. Bakshi, Monetized value of the environmental, health and resource externalities of soy biodiesel, Energy Economics, 2014, accepted
100. Bakshi, B. R., Methods and Tools for Sustainable Process Design, Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, 6, 69-74, 2014
101. Cruze, N. B., P. K. Goel, B. R. Bakshi, Allocation in life cycle inventory: partial set of solutions to an ill-posed problem, Int. J. Life Cycle Assessment, 19, 11, 1854-1865, 2014
102. Cruze, N. B., P. K. Goel, B. R. Bakshi, Revisiting Least Squares Techniques for the Purposes of Allocation in Life Cycle Inventory, Int. J. Life Cycle Assessment, 19, 10, 1733-1744, 2014
103. Winden, M., N. Cruze, T. Haab, B. Bakshi, Integrating Life Cycle Assessment and Choice Analysis for Alternative Fuel Valuation, Ecological Economics, accepted
104. Kursun, B., S. Ramkumar, B. R. Bakshi, L.-S. Fan, A Life Cycle Comparison of Coal Gasification by Conventional versus Calcium Looping Process, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., accepted
105. Woods, L., B. R. Bakshi, Reusable vs. Disposable Cups Revisited: Guidance in life cycle comparisons addressing scenario, model, and parameter uncertainties for the U.S. consumer, Int. J. Life Cycle Assessment, 19, 4, 931-940, 2014
106. Singh, S., B. R. Bakshi, Accounting for Emissions and Sinks from the Biogeochemical Cycle of Carbon in the U.S. Economic Input-Output Model, J. Industrial Ecology, accepted
107. Zhang, Y., E. Gibbemeyer, B. R. Bakshi, Empirical Comparion of Input-Output Methods for Life Cycle Assessment, J. Industrial Ecology, 18, 5, 734-746, 2014
108. Singh, S., B. R. Bakshi, Accounting for the Biogeochemical Cycle of Nitrogen in Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment, Env. Sc. Technol., 47, 16, 9388-9396, 2013
109. Zhuang, K., B. R. Bakshi, M. J. Herrgard, Multi-scale modeling for sustainable chemical production, Biotechnology Journal, 8, 9, 973–984, 2013
110. Urban, R. A., B. R. Bakshi, Techno-Ecological Synergy as a Path Toward Sustainability of a North American Residential System, Env. Sc. Technol.,47 4, 1985–1993, 2013
111. Cruze, N. B., P. K. Goel, B. R. Bakshi, On the “Rigorous proof of fuzzy error propagation with matrix-based LCI”, Int. J. LCA, 18, 2, 516-519, 2013
112. Reinforced Wind Turbine Blades – An Environmental Life Cycle Evaluation
     Merugula, L., V. Khanna, B. R. Bakshi, Env. Sc. Technol., 46, 17, 9785–9792, 2012
113. Assessing Resource Intensity and Renewability of Cellulosic Ethanol Technologies using Eco-LCA
     Baral, A., B. R. Bakshi, R. Smith, Environmental Science and Technology, 46, 4, 2436–2444, 2012
114. Incorporating Ecosystem Services into Life Cycle Assessment
     Bakshi, B. R., M. J. Small, J. Industrial Ecology, 15, 4, 477-478, 2011
115. A life cycle framework for the investigation of environmentally benign nanoparticles and products,
     Theis, T. L., B. R. Bakshi, R. Clift, D. Durham, V. M. Fthenakis, T. G. Gutowski, J. A. Isaacs, T. Seager, M. R. Wiesner, Physica Status Solidi, 5, 9, 312-317, 2011
116. Appreciating the Role of Thermodynamics in LCA Improvement Analysis via an Application to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
     Grubb, G. F., B. R. Bakshi, Environmental Science and Technology, 45, 7, 3054–3061, 2011
117. Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Beneficial Applications for Scrap Tires
     Fiksel, J., B. R. Bakshi, A. Baral, R. Rajagopalan, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 13, 19-35, 2011
118. Emergy Analysis using US Economic Input-Output Models with Applications to Life Cycles of Gasoline and Corn Ethanol
     Baral, A., B. R. Bakshi, Ecological Modelling, 221, 15, 1807-1818, 2010
119. Towards sustainability of engineered processes: Designing self-reliant networks of technological-ecological systems
     Urban, R. A., Bakshi, B. R., Grubb, G. F., Baral, A., Mitsch, W. J., Computers and Chemical Engineering, accepted 2010
120. Effects of a carbon price in the U.S. on economic sectors, resource use, and emissions: An input-output approach
     Choi, J.-K., Bakshi, B. R., Haab, T., Energy Policy, 38, 7, 3527-3536, 2010
121. Prior Checking and Moving Horizon Smoothing for Improved Particle Filtering
     Lang, L., Goel, P. K., Bakshi, B. R., Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 49, 9, 4197–4209, 2010
122. Accounting for Ecosystem Services in Life Cycle Assessment, Part I: A Critical Review
     Zhang, Y., Singh, S., Bakshi, B. R., Environmental Science and Technology, 44, 7, 2232-2242, 2010
123. Accounting for Ecosystem Services in Life Cycle Assessment, Part II: Toward an Ecologically-Based LCA
     Zhang, Y., Baral, A., Bakshi, B. R., Environmental Science and Technology, 44, 7, 2624-2631, 2010
124. Life Cycle of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Production – Impact of Emissions and Thermodynamic Analysis of Resource Use
     Grubb, G. F., Bakshi, B. R., J. Industrial Ecology, accepted, 2010
125. Thermodynamic Metrics for Aggregation of Natural Resources in Life Cycle Analysis: Insight via Application to Some Transportation Fuels,
     Baral, A., Bakshi, B. R., Environmental Science and Technology, 44, 2, 800-807, 2010
126. Integrated Estimation of Measurement Error With Empirical Process Modeling – A Hierarchical Bayes Approach
     Chen, H., Bakshi, B. R., Goel, P. K., AIChE Journal, 55, 11, 2883-2895, 2009
127. 1,3-Propanediol from Fossils versus Biomass: A Life Cycle Evaluation of Emissions and Ecological Resources
     Urban, R. A., Bakshi, B. R., Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 48, 17, 8068-8082, 2009
128. Carbon Nanofiber Polymer Composites: Evaluation of Life Cycle Energy Use,
     Khanna, V., Bakshi, B. R., Environmental Science and Technology, 43, 6, 2078-2084, 2009
129. Carbon Nanofiber Production : Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Environmental Impact
     Khanna, V., Bakshi, B. R., Lee, L. J., Journal of Industrial Ecology, 12, 3, 394-410, 2008
130. Multiscale Statistical Process Control Using Wavelet Packets
     Reis, M. S., Bakshi, B. R., Saraiva, P. M., AIChE Journal, 54, 9, 2366-2378, 2008
131. Resource Intensities of Chemical Industry Sectors in the United States via Input-Output Network Models,
     Ukidwe, N. U., Bakshi, B. R., Comp. Chem. Eng., 32, 9, 2050-2064, 2008
132. Exergy: its potential and limitations in environmental science and technology,
     Dewulf, J., Langenhove, H., Muys, B., Bruers, S., Bakshi, B. R., Grubb, G., Paulus, D., Sciubba, E., Environmental Science and Technology, 42, 7, 2221-2232, 2008
133. Life Cycle Assessment of an Ionic Liquid versus Molecular Solvents and Their Applications,
     Zhang, Y., Bakshi, B. R., and Sahle-Demessie, E., Environmental Science and Technology, 42, 5, 1724–1730, 2008
134. Toward Bayesian Chemometrics – A Tutorial on Some Recent Advances
     Chen, H., Bakshi, B. R., and Goel, P. K., Analytica Chimica Acta, 602, 1-16, 2007
135. Bayesian Latent Variable Regression via Gibbs Sampling: Methodology and Practical Aspects,
     Chen, H., Bakshi, B. R., and Goel, P. K., J. Chemometrics, 21, 12, 578-591, 2007
136. Enhancing Life Cycle Inventories via Reconciliation with the Laws of Thermodynamics,
     Hau, J. L., Yi, H.-S., and Bakshi, B. R., J. Industrial Ecology, 11, 4, 5-25, 2007
137. Bayesian Estimation via Sequential Monte Carlo Sampling – Constrained Dynamic Systems
     Chen, W.-S.,  Lang, L., Bakshi, B. R., Goel, P. K., and Ungarala, S., Automatica, 43, 1615-1622, 2007
138. Rectification of Multiscale Data with Application to Life Cycle Inventories
     Yi, H.-S., and Bakshi, B. R., AIChE Journal, 53, 4, 876-890, 2007
139. Industrial and Ecological Cumulative Exergy Consumption of the United States via the 1997 Input-Output Benchmark Model
     Ukidwe, N. U., and Bakshi, B. R., Energy, 32, 1560-1592, 2007
140. Particle Filtering and Moving Horizon Estimation
     Rawlings, J. B., and B R. Bakshi, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 30, 10-12, 1529-1541, 2006
141. Flow of Natural versus Economic Capital in Industrial Supply Networks and its Implications to Sustainability
     Ukidwe, N. U., and B. R. Bakshi, Environmental Science and Technology, 39, 24, 9759-9769, 2005
142. Hierarchical Thermodynamic Metrics for Evaluating the Environmental Sustainability of Industrial Processes
     Yi, H.-S., J. L. Hau, N. U. Ukidwe, and B. R. Bakshi, Environmental Progress, special issue on Sustainable Engineering, 23, 4, 302-314, 2004
143. Thermodynamic Accounting of Ecosystem Contribution to Economic Sectors with Application to 1992 US Economy
     Ukidwe, N. U., and B. R. Bakshi, Environmental Science and Technology, 38, 18, 4810-4827, 2004
144. Clustering in Wavelet Domain: A Multiresolution ART Network for Anomaly Detection
     Aradhye, H. B., B. R. Bakshi, J. F. Davis, and S. C. Ahalt, AIChE Journal, 50, 10, 2455-2466, 2004
145. Promise and Problems of Emergy Analysis
     Hau, J. L., and B. R. Bakshi, Ecological Modelling, special issue in honor of H. T. Odum, 178, 215-225, 2004
     Paper
146. Bayesian Estimation via Sequential Monte Carlo Sampling: Unconstrained Nonlinear Dynamic Systems
     Chen, W.-S., B. R. Bakshi, P. K. Goel, and S. Ungarala, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 43, 14, 4012-4025, 2004
     Paper
147. Expanding Exergy Analysis to Account for Ecosystem Products and Services
     Hau, J. L., and B. R. Bakshi, Environmental Science and Technology, 38, 13, 3768-3777, 2004
     Paper
148. The Quest for Sustainability: Challenges for Process Systems Engineering
     Bakshi, B. R., and J. Fiksel, AIChE Journal, cover article, 49, 6, 1350-1358, 2003
     Paper, cover image
149. Multiscale SPC Using Wavelets – Theoretical Analysis and Properties
     Aradhye, H. B., B. R. Bakshi, R. A. Strauss, and J. F. Davis, AIChE Journal, 49, 4, 939-958, 2003
     Paper
150. ART-2 and Multiscale ART-2 for On-Line Process Fault Detection – Validation via Industrial Case Studies and Monte Carlo Simulation
     Aradhye, H. B., J. F. Davis, B. R. Bakshi, Annual Reviews in Control, 26, 1, 113-127, 2002
151. Bayesian Principal Component Analysis
     Nounou, M. N., B. R. Bakshi, P. K. Goel, and X. Shen, Journal of Chemometrics, 16, 11, 576-595, 2002
     Paper
152. Process Modeling by Bayesian Latent Variable Regression
     Nounou, M. N., B. R. Bakshi, P. K. Goel, and X. Shen, AIChE Journal, 48, 8, 1775-1793, 2002
     Paper
153. Multiscale and Bayesian Approaches to Data Analysis in Genomics High Throughput Screening
     Yang, C., B. R. Bakshi, J. F. Rathman, P E. Blower, Jr., Current Opinion in Drug Discovery and Delivery , 5, 3, 428-438, 2002
154. Comparison of Statistical Process Monitoring Methods: Application to the Eastman Challenge Problem
     Kano, M., K. Nagao, S. Hasebe, I. Hashimoto,H. Ohno, R. Strauss, and B. Bakshi, Computers and Chemical Engineering, special issue on selected papers from PSE 2000, 26, 2, 161-174, 2002
     Paper
155. A Thermodynamic Framework for Ecologically Conscious Process Systems Engineering
     B. R. Bakshi, Computers and Chemical Engineering, special issue on selected papers from PSE 2000, 26, 2, 269-282, 2002
     Paper
156. Multiscale Bayesian Data Rectification of Linear Steady-State and Dynamic Systems without Accurate Models
     Bakshi, B. R., M. N. Nounou, P. K. Goel, and X. Shen, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research , 40, 1, 261 -274, 2001
     Abstract and Paper
157. Interplay of Large Materials Databases Semi-empirical Methods, Neuro-computing and First Principle Calculations for Ternary Compound Former/Nonformer Prediction
     Villars, P., K. Brandenburg, M. Berndt, S. LeClair, A. Jackson, Y.-H. Pao, B. Igelnik, M. Oxley, B. Bakshi, P. Chen, and S. Iwata, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence , 13, 5, 497-505, 2000
     Paper
158. Binary, Ternary and Quaternary Compound Former/Nonformer Prediction via Mendeleev Number
     Villars, P., K. Brandenburg, M. Berndt, S. LeClair, A. Jackson, Y. H. Pao, B. Igelnik, M. Oxley, B. Bakshi, and P. Chen, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 317-318, 26-38, 2001
     Paper
159. A Thermodynamic Framework for Ecologically Conscious Process Systems Engineering
     B. R. Bakshi, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 24, 2-7, 1767-1773, 2000 (proceedings of PSE 2000, plenary talk)
     Paper
160. A Multiscale, Bayesian and Error-In-Variables Approach for Linear Dynamic Data Rectification
     Ungarala, S., and B. R. Bakshi, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 24, 2-7, 445-451, 2000 (proceedings of PSE 2000)
     Paper
161. Comparison of Statistical Process Monitoring Methods: Application to the Eastman Challenge Problem
     Kano, M., K. Nagao, S. Hasebe, I. Hashimoto, H. Ohno, R. Strauss, and B. Bakshi, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 24, 2-7, 175-181, 2000 (proceedings of PSE 2000, plenary talk)
     Paper
162. Multiscale Analysis and Modeling Using Wavelets
     Bakshi, B. R., Journal of Chemometrics, 13, 3-4, 415-434, 1999
     Abstract , Paper
163. Online Multiscale Filtering of Random and Gross Errors Without Process Models
     Nounou, M. N. and B. R. Bakshi, AIChE Journal, 45, 5, 1041-1058, 1999
     Abstract , Paper
164. A Common Framework and Overview for the Unification of Neural, Chemometric and Statistical Modeling Methods
     Bakshi, B. R. and U. Utojo, Analytica Chimica Acta, special issue on neural networks, 384, 227-247, 1999
     Abstract , Paper
165. Unification of Neural and Statistical Methods that Combine Inputs by Linear Projection
     Bakshi, B. R. and U. Utojo, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 22, 12, 1859-1878, 1998
     Abstract , Paper
166. Unification of Neural and Statistical Methods as Applied to Materials Structure-Property Mapping
     Bakshi, B. R. and R. Chatterjee, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 279, 1, 39-46, 1998
     Abstract , Paper
167. Multiscale PCA with Application to Multivariate Statistical Process Monitoring
     Bakshi, B. R., AIChE Journal , 44, 7, 1596-1610, 1998
     Abstract , Text , Figures
168. Multiscale Rectification of Random Errors without Process Models
     Bakshi, B. R., P. Bansal and M. Nounou, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 21, S1167-S1172, 1997
     Abstract , Paper
169. Multifractal Characterization of Flow in Circulating Fluidized Beds
     Zhong, H., Bakshi, B. R., Jiang, P., Fan, L.-S., The Chemical Engineering Journal, special issue on Chaos and Fractals in Chemical Engineering, 64, 107-115, 1996
     Abstract, Paper
170. Compression of Chemical Process Data Through Functional Approximation and Feature Extraction
     Bakshi, B. R., Stephanopoulos, G., AIChE Journal, 42, 2, 477-492, 1996
     Abstract
171. A Method for an Automated Rule Extraction From Raw Process Data Part 1: Process Trends, Wavelet Transformation and Decision Trees (in German)
     Locher, G., B. Bakshi, Geo. Stephanopoulos, Greg. Stephanopoulos and K. Schügerl, Automatisierungstechnik , 44, 2, 61-70, February 1996
172. A Method for an Automated Rule Extraction From Raw Process Data Part 2: A Case Study (in German)
     Locher, G., B. Bakshi, Geo. Stephanopoulos, Greg. Stephanopoulos and K. Schügerl, Automatisierungstechnik , 44, 3, 138-145, March 1996
173. Analysis of Flow in Gas-Liquid Bubble Columns Using Multi-Resolution Methods
     Bakshi, B. R., Zhong, H., Jiang, P., Fan, L.-S., Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., Part A, 73, 608-614, August, 1995
174. Representation of Process Trends, Part III. Multi-Scale Extraction of Trends from Process Data
     Bakshi, B. R., Stephanopoulos, G., Computers and Chemical Engineering , 18, 4, 267-302, 1994
175. Representation of Process Trends, Part IV. Induction of Real-Time Patterns from Operating Data for Diagnosis and Supervisory Control
     Bakshi, B. R., Stephanopoulos, G., Computers and Chemical Engineering , 18, 4, 303-332, 1994
176. Analysis of Operating Data for Evaluation, Diagnosis and Control of Batch Operations
     Bakshi, B. R., Locher, G., Stephanopoulos, Greg., Stephanopoulos, Geo., Journal of Process Control , 4, 4, 175-194, 1994
177. “Database mining” mit Hilfe von Trends, Wavelettransformation und Klassifizierungsbäumen
     Locher, G., Bakshi, B., Stephanopoulos, Geo., Stephanopoulos, Greg., Schügerl, K., Chemie Ingenieur Technik , 66, 3, 541, 1994
178. Wavelet Networks for Localized Learning in a Multi-Resolution Hierarchy
     Bakshi, B. R. and G. Stephanopoulos, Communication and Cognition – Artificial Intelligence, 10, 1-2, 23-37, 1993
179. Wave-Net: A Multi-Resolution, Hierarchical Neural Network with Localized Learning
     Bakshi, B. R., Stephanopoulos, G., AIChE Journal, 39, 1, 57-81, 1993

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Technical Reports
 

1. Hierarchical Thermodynamic Sustainability Metrics for an Ammonia Process
   Yi, H.-S., B. R. Bakshi, contains details of study in “Hierarchical Thermodynamic Metrics for Evaluating the Environmental Sustainability of Industrial Processes”, Environmental Progress, 23, 4, 302-314, 2004
2. A Multiresolution ART Network for Anomaly Detection in Multivariate Non-Linearly Correlated Signals
   Aradhye, H. B., B. R. Bakshi, J. F. Davis,and S. C. Ahalt
3. Multiscale and Bayesian Methods for Efficient Process Operation
   Bakshi, B. R., keynote lecture at PSE Asia, Kyoto, Japan, December 2000
4. Bayesian Error-in-Variables Rectification of Data from Linear Dynamic Systems
   Ungarala, S., and B. R. Bakshi

• Interactive maps from “Nature-Based Solutions can Compete With Technology for Mitigating Air Emissions Across the US”
• Ecologically-Based Life Cycle Assessment (an updated version with more current data is being developed)
• Software from our research may be requested by sending email to [email protected].